At the doctor's

Describe the video in 10 sentences and write down the important phrases.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB-1Luwur68&spfreload=10

Hospital team

Milí studenti,
zdravím z Německa. Posílám vám pár úkolů, které během týdne uděláte a vše nové se naučíte. Až přijedu, budu chtít vidět vše vyplněné, ať už ve Vašich papírech, nebo na blogu. Nová slovíčka si pište do slovníčku. A připravte se na to, že mi budete o tomto tématu podrobně povídat.

http://ulozto.cz/x3LutzuP/hospital-team-pdf

http://ulozto.cz/xkFydRye/hospital-team-picture-pdf

Hospital and Medical Professions

Hospital and Medical Professions

1.1 Make a list of medical professions you know in English and write short definitions of what the professionals do.

Example: A nurse takes care of patients, e.g. he or she gives injections and checks temperatures and pulse rates.

Useful verbs: specialize, prepare, examine, treat, support, be in charge of, assist, rescue, take care of, look after, perform, diagnose

1.2 Read the following text and answer the questions below:

A hospital is an institution providing health care and treatment by specialized staff. The professionals working in hospitals are medical and nursing staff who take care of in- and outpatients.

Hospitals may have departments which have their own speciality. They include the emergency department, cardiology, neurology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, ophthalmology, and otorhinolaryngology. Each department has its own specialist doctors and nurses who work in a team looking after their patients. Now, we will look at some of these specialist doctors and their daily duties.

If a person has problems with their sight, they will be treated by an ophthalmologist who will inspect the eyes for disease and if necessary perform an operation.

An otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat specialist, or ENT) will diagnose and manage diseases of the ears, nose, sinuses, larynx (voice box), mouth and throat, as well as structures of the neck and face.

Obstetricians and gynaecologists are concerned with pregnant women and their unborn baby and the management of medical concerns specific to women. Obstetrician’s duties include prenatal screening where they check the health of both mother and baby and do ultrasound scanning of the foetus. Gynaecologist’s duties include diagnosing and treating problems of the female reproductive system.

A cardiologist deals with disorders of the heart, arteries and veins. Their duties include advising patients on healthy lifestyles, and proper cardio care. Cardiac surgeon’s duties include minor surgeries, such as implanting a pacemaker, and major bypass surgeries.

Finally, a neurologist diagnoses and treats disorders of the nervous system. A neurologist will firstly check patient’s history and then perform some tests. These tests include patient’s motor system, coordination, mental status and sensory system. If the patient needs an operation, they will be referred to a neurosurgeon.

Questions:

Which specialist do you see when you have a problem with hearing?

Who takes care of pregnant women?

Which specialist would you see if you have problems with your throat?

Which specialist performs heart operations?

Which specialist would you see if you had problems with your nervous system?

Tenses: Present Simple and Present Continuous

2.1 Look at the pictures and complete the given statements.

A lab technician usually ______________________ blood samples. What is Larry doing? Larry  __________________________________________ into a microscope right now.

Physiotherapists often _____________________ people who have arthritis. What is Sarah doing? She ____________________________________ a patient at the moment.

Surgeons sometimes _____________________ many hours performing one operation.  What is Dr. Hall doing? He ___________________________ on a patient.

Paramedics are the ones who ________________________ first aid.  What is Tom doing? Tom ___________________________ oxygen to a patient.

Nurses ___________________ of a patient’s general needs. They _________________ temperatures and __________________________ injections. What is Tina doing? Tina __ ____________________ the patient’s pulse.

2.2 How to speak about routines and repeated activities in the present or past. Read the paragraphs and complete the grammar rules below.

Paramedics respond to emergency calls and help people in difficult situations, for example, when they are sick or have had a car accident. Paramedics have to know what to do immediately and make a lot of important decisions.

Radiologists help doctors to diagnose a disease. They’ll X-ray or they’ll use ultrasound to image parts of the body. The images help the physician to decide about the right treatment. 

My mother worked as a physiotherapist before she retired. She used to treat patients with physical difficulties caused by injuries, disabilities or simple ageing. She would exercise with the patients, she’d teach them how to overcome difficulties and in many cases she’d help them return to their normal life. She loved her job, but suffered from too much physical stress herself.

2.3 Complete the rules and/or find examples in the paragraphs above.

1. We use Present Simple when we speak about routine or repeated activities in the present. It is also possible to use will for repeated activities, but it is less common.

Examples:

a. Paramedics respond to emergency calls and help people in difficult situations when they are sick or have had a car accident.

b. They make a lot of important decisions.

c. They’ll X-ray or they’ll use ultrasound to image parts of the body.

2. We use __________________ or ___________________ or ________________when we speak about routine or repeated activities in the past.

Examples:

d. My mother worked as a physiotherapist before she retired.

e. ______________________________________________________________________

f. ________________________________________________________________________

g. _________________________________________________________________________

1 In pairs, tell each other if you know anybody who works in the field of health care. What is he/she like? What do they do? Do they like their job? Would you like to do their job? Why?

2 Write a paragraph about a person (you know) who has a medical profession.

3 Describe the following departments.

1. 4 What are the names of specialists who work in hospital teams? Fill in the table.

Cardiology	Cardiologist
	Paediatrician
	Dermatologist
Surgery
Orthopaedics
	Anaesthetist or Anaesthesiologist
	Haematologist
Oncology
Pharmacy
Radiology

Remember: Names of departments usually end in –ology and the specialist names in –ologist or the departments end in –ics and the specialists in –ician.  There are exceptions like anaesthetics and anaesthetist.

Read the text about hospitals and medical staff and answer the questions below.

When you are ill, you call your general practitioner (or GP), who is sometimes called a family doctor, and you make an appointment with his or her receptionist. GPs normally see their patients on an appointment basis or they make home visits when patients are housebound. If you need out-of-hours treatment, e.g. at night, you should call the National Health Service (NHS) on their NHS Direct phone number and a doctor who is on call will visit you. If you need specialist care, the GP will make a referral, i.e. they will refer you to a specialist, often in a hospital.

Hospitals usually have many departments which each have their own specialty. They include the emergency department, cardiology, neurology, obstetrics and gynaecology, pediatrics, ophthalmology, and otolaryngology. You can be treated as an outpatient or an inpatient. Out-patients visit the hospital, have any treatment that they need and then go home. Inpatients are taken care of in wards. A ward unit consists of patients´ rooms, nurses´ room, bathroom, toilets, and a day room where patients can have meals, watch TV or see visitors. Next to the treatment room there is a “clean and dirty” annex and a sluice room. In the clean annex, trolleys are laid-up and the dirty annex serves for sterilization of used equipment and instruments. Each ward unit has a cleaners´ room and a linen store, of course. An isolation room is used for patients who must not be in contact with other patients in the ward unit because they may spread infection.

If you are admitted to hospital you become an inpatient and you are first seen by one of the junior doctors on the ward. He or she takes your medical history and examines you. The registrar sees you later and he or she decides about necessary tests or examinations and about the treatment. The consultant sees you on the regular ward rounds, discusses your treatment with other doctors and decides when you can be discharged to your GP´s care. On the ward round, consultants are accompanied by a medical team including a nurse.

Today, hospitals look very different to how they used to look. Hospitals used to be painted white and patients´ rooms were large, with metal beds and small units for personal possessions, and they didn´t offer much privacy. Now, many hospitals have smaller rooms, usually with two or more beds, and also private rooms. They are painted with bright colours and the furniture is very modern and the rooms have a television and a bathroom. There is much more privacy and the staff are very friendly.

Questions:

1. What do sick people usually do first when they need to see their GP?
2. What do GPs do if their patients need specialist care?
3. What is the difference between in- and outpatients?
4. Who usually asks inpatients about their previous diseases or diseases that run in their families?
5. Who decides that you can go home from hospital?
6. What makes ward units look friendlier and less depressing?

Homelessness – Study material

Homelessness – Study material

Homelessness is the condition and social category of people without a regular house or dwelling because they cannot afford, or are otherwise unable to maintain regular, safe, and adequate housing. Street people are the segment of the homeless who spend time on the streets in urban areas.

The term homelessness may also include people whose primary residence is in a homeless shelter, in an institution that provides food a home to support the homeless so that they can live with temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized, or in a public or private place not designed for use as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.

The major reasons and causes for homelessness as documented by many reports and studies include:

• Unavailability of employment opportunities.
• Poverty, caused by many factors including unemployment and underemployment.
• Lack of affordable healthcare.
• War or armed conflict.
• Mental disorder, where mental health services are unavailable or difficult to access.
• Disability, especially where disability services are nonexistent or poor performing.
• Substance abuse.
• Lack of affordable housing.
• Domestic violence.
• Relationship breakdown, particularly in relation to young people and their parents.
• Prison release and re-entry into society.
• Natural disaster, including but not limited to earthquakes and hurricanes.

Types of homelessness:

• Short-Term Houselessness: When a traumatic event occurs such as a house fire or natural disaster, people with positive relational resources, solid inner resources & sufficient physical resources are able to recover in a short period of time, usually within 30 days.
• Long-Term Houselessness: Much like Short-Term Houselessness, the loss of a house is the result of an unforeseen event, except in this situation the people who are affected have modest physical resources which lengthens the amount of time it takes to recover, sometimes up to 120 days. 
• Permanently Supported Homelessness: The Permanently-Supported Homeless population lacks both relational & inner resources due to mental or physical disability & must rely upon outside resources to provide the goods & services needed to sustain life. 
• Near Homelessness: Those in the Near Homeless category have overextended their personal support systems, which keeps them on the brink of homelessness. Literally “one paycheck away from homelessness,” these folks cannot withstand any type of setback. The loss of a job, roommate, or vehicle can easily push them over the edge. 
• Self-Induced Homelessness: Self-induced homeless persons reject their relational resources by refusing to cooperate or submit to any form of authority. As a result, they are unable to maintain housing, employment or any type of productive relationship. 
• Environmentally Dysfunctional Homelessness: This segment of the homeless population has experienced a series of traumatic events, often a result of the toxic environment in which they were exposed. Broken, dysfunctional or non-existent relational resources have severely weakened their inner resources making it almost impossible for them to sustain the physical resources needed for stability. War Veterans can fall into this type of homelessness when their inner resources are unable to withstand the traumatic events of war.

Supportive housing is a combination of housing and services intended as a cost-effective way to help people live more stable lives. Supportive housing works well for those who face the most complex challenges—individuals and families confronted with homelessness and who also have very low incomes and/or serious, persistent issues that may include substance abuse, addiction or alcoholism, mental illness, HIV/AIDS, or other serious challenges to a successful life.

Problems faced by people who are homeless:

• Discrimination against the homeless
• Need for personal shelter, warmth and safety.
• Personal security, quiet, and privacy.
• Safekeeping of bedding, clothing and possessions, which may have to be carried at all times.
• Hygiene and sanitary facilities.
• Cleaning and drying of clothes.
• Obtaining, preparing and storing food in quantities.
• Keeping contacts, without a permanent location or mailing address.
• Hostility and legal powers against urban vagrancy.
• Reduced access to health care and dental services.
• Limited access to education.
• Increased risk of suffering from violence and abuse.
• Loss of usual relationships with the mainstream.
• Not being seen as suitable for employment.
• Reduced access to banking services.
• Reduced access to communication technology. 

There are many places where a homeless person might seek refuge: 

• Outdoors: On the ground or in a sleeping bag, tent, or improvised shelter, such as a large cardboard box, dumpster, in a park or vacant lot.
• Shantytowns: Ad hoc campsites of improvised shelters and shack.
• Derelict structures: abandoned or condemned buildings.
• Squatting in an unoccupied house where a homeless person may live without payment and without the owner's knowledge or permission.
• Vehicles: cars or trucks are used as a temporary or sometimes long-term living refuge, for example by those recently evicted from a home. Some people live in vans, sport utility vehicles, covered pick-up trucks, station wagons, sedans, or hatchbacks .
• Public places: Parks, bus or train stations, public libraries, airports, public transportation vehicles, hospital lobbies or waiting areas, college campuses, and 24-hour businesses such as coffee shops.
• Homeless shelters.
• Inexpensive boarding houses: Also called flophouses, they offer cheap, low-quality temporary lodging.
• Residential hotels, where a bed as opposed to an entire room can be rented cheaply in a dorm-like environment.
• Inexpensive motels also offer cheap, low-quality temporary lodging.

Adjusted to: 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homelessness
http://www.innercitymission.net/AboutHomelessness/TypesofHomelessness/tabid/120/Default.aspx

 

Presentation - unit 5, 6

http://uloz.to/x1HcF5fL/revising-unit-5-and-6-17-ppt

Life in the City, in the Country

City vs. Countryside

Looking for a good place to settle is not easy like you finish your homework or your job. I lived in the countryside until12, and then my family moved to a big city. Thus, I have experienced the conflicting living in the countryside and a big city. By comparing and contrasting my own experience living in the countryside and one in a big city, I would prefer someday to live in a big city because of the modern life, high education, and good health care.

First of all, living in a big city is more modern than one in the countryside. In the countryside, the life is very peaceful and safe. For example, people living in the countryside don't have to worry much about how their life looks. They just go to work and make enough money to support their family. Also, everything in the countryside seems to be quiet, and the neighbourhood is very friendly and generous, too. They can share each other everything such as fruits, foods, and clothing. Therefore, people can enjoy themselves without annoying from anything. Besides, nobody can deny the fresh air in the countryside. The less transportation and more places such as parks and gardens make the countryside become more peaceful and healthy.

Although living in a big city is not peaceful and quiet like living in the countryside, people feel more comfortable and convenient. For instance, if you want to go somewhere or to save your money from gasoline, there are lots of public transportations such as the bus, railroad, and train which are always available to support people. Additionally, a big city is often a place where many problems like robbery, violation, rape, etc... occur mostly in a city, but the security is always available and ready to solve any problem. On the contrary, people living in the countryside lack of this service; for example, if they are in danger, who will be there to save them immediately? The security has to spend at least a half an hour to be there, I guess. In short, living in the countryside is more peaceful and none-stressful, but people living a big city usually have enough supporting services for them.

The second obvious reason why I prefer to live in a big city is the high education. Everyone wants to have a good job to get more money, and one of the best ways to succeed is education. Nowadays there are a lot of famous universities and colleges, and these schools totally locate in a big city. Most of people try to attend these schools to gain their knowledge, so they tend to move and live in a big city. Also, education in a big city supports the high technology that helps students and teachers easily have a successful academic. For example, the increase in the libraries, laps, internet, etc... help students get information anytime they want.

On the contrary, education in the countryside is a serious problem. High school graduation rates in the countryside are always lower than one in a big city. Many people would think that since the students are not intelligent, the graduation rates are low. Nevertheless, it is not true in this case. Students living in the countryside are even more diligent than ones in a big city because there is less entertainment centre for them, so the only thing student should do is to do their homework. However, just a few students succeed in the countryside. The reason must be the lack of good education. The schools didn't support enough reference books in the library, computers, or even good teachers. These lead to why people living in a big city gain more knowledge than ones in the countryside.

The last reason I choose to live in a big city is about health care. Nowadays in the countryside, government established more health care such as the hospital, clinic, and medical station, and people can get there easily and quickly when they are in trouble. However, what people really need is not the number of health care, but the quality of it. For instance, if you are staying at home, and your heart attack is suddenly relapsed, I bet the health care will take long to put you in a hospital. Also, the countryside hospitals can't be sure whether or not they can rescue you because of the lack of the high and modern medical machines. The result is eventually that you still need to be transferred to a big modern hospital in a big city.

A big city is not only a big modern city originally but also a face of a country, so government always supports the best ways and medical services for people. For example, if a country is suffered by a spreading virus such as the swine flu,

I believe that people living in a big city will be able to get the vaccine first. Besides, there are many modern medical machines and good doctors that can easily determine what disease a patient gets and then expose the best ways to solve it. All of the reasons about health care above can help us understand how well the health care in a big city is.

In conclusion, people have their own choices to decide to live in the countryside or a big city. As I can see, most of old people probably tend to live in the countryside because they like to have peaceful life and enjoy themselves with the fresh air and quietness. However, other people want their own life comfortable and convenient. For me or even my future family, I would prefer to live in a big city because of the modern life, high education, and good health care.

Describe your town/village, life there, cultural/work/transport/shopping possibilities.

Describe the town of your studies. Did/do you like it?

Would you like to live in the city or village more? Give 10 reasons.

Write 5 advantages, 5 disadvantages of a town/village.

Family - Life Phases

What is nuclear/extended family? Who are the members?

 

Who is my mother's brother, brother's daughter, brother's son, child's daughter, mother’s grandmother, husband’s wife, uncle’s son, mother’s new partner, son’s wife, partner’s father